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A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The garden can incorporate both natural and man-made materials. The most common form is known as a residential garden. Western gardens are almost universally based around plants. Zoos, which display wild animals in simulated natural habitats, were formerly called zoological gardens.[1][2]
See traditional types of eastern gardens, such as Zen gardens, use plants such as parsley. Xeriscape
gardens use local native plants that do not require irrigation or
extensive use of other resources while still providing the benefits of
a garden environment. Gardens may exhibit structural enhancements,
sometimes called follies, including water features such as fountains, ponds (with or without fish), waterfalls or creeks, dry creek beds, statuary, arbors, trellises and more.
Some gardens are for ornamental purposes only, while some gardens
also produce food crops, sometimes in separate areas, or sometimes
intermixed with the ornamental plants. Food-producing gardens are
distinguished from farms by their smaller scale, more labor-intensive methods, and their purpose (enjoyment of a hobby rather than produce for sale).
Gardening is the activity of growing and maintaining the garden. This work is done by an amateur or professional gardener. A gardener might also work in a non-garden setting, such as a park, a roadside embankment, or other public space. Landscape architecture is a related professional activity with landscape architects tending to specialise in design for public and corporate clients.
The term "garden" in British English refers to an enclosed area of land, usually adjoining a building.[3] This would be referred to as a yard in American English.
Flower gardens combine plants of different heights, colors, textures,
and fragrances to create interest and delight the senses.
Garden design
Garden design
is the creation of plans for layout and planting of gardens and
landscapes. Garden design may be done by the garden owner themselves,
or by professionals. Most professional garden designers are trained in
principles of design and in horticulture, and have an expert knowledge
and experience of using plants. Some professional garden designers are
also landscape architects,
a more formal level of training that usually requires an advanced
degree and often a state license. Elements of garden design include the
layout of hard landscape, such as paths, rockeries, walls, water
features, sitting areas and decking, as well as the plants themselves,
with consideration for their horticultural requirements, their season-to-season appearance, lifespan, growth habit,
size, speed of growth, and combinations with other plants and landscape
features. Consideration is also given to the maintenance needs of the
garden, including the time or funds available for regular maintenance,
which can affect the choices of plants regarding speed of growth,
spreading or self-seeding of the plants, whether annual or perennial, and bloom-time, and many other characteristics.
The most important consideration in garden design is how the garden
will be used, followed closely by the desired stylistic genres, and the
way the garden space will connect to the home or other structures in
the surrounding areas. All of these considerations are subject to the
limitations of the budget. Budget limitations can be addressed by a
simpler garden style with fewer plants and less costly hardscape
materials, seeds rather than sod for lawns, and plants that grow
quickly; alternately, garden owners may choose to create their garden
over time, area by area.
Elements of a garden
The elements of a garden consist of the following:
Natural conditions and materials:
Man-made elements:
Uses for the garden space
A garden can have aesthetic, functional, and recreational uses:
- Cooperation with nature
- Observance of nature
- Relaxation
- Family dinners on the terrace
- Children playing in the yard
- Reading and relaxing in the hammock
- Maintaining the flowerbeds
- Pottering in the shed
- Basking in warm sunshine
- Escaping oppressive sunlight and heat
- Growing useful produce
- Flowers to cut and bring inside for indoor beauty
- Fresh herbs and vegetables for cooking
Types of gardens
Gardens may feature a particular plant or plant type(s);
Gardens may feature a particular style or aesthetic:
Types of garden:
Watering gardens
See rainwater, hand pump, tap water and drip irrigation.
History of gardening
- Further information: History of gardening
Gardens in literature
Other similar spaces
Other outdoor spaces that are similar to gardens include:
- A landscape is an outdoor space of a larger scale, natural or designed, usually unenclosed and considered from a distance.
- A park is a planned outdoor space, usually enclosed ('imparked') and of a larger size. Public parks are for public use.
- An arboretum is a planned outdoor space, usually large, for the display and study of trees.
- A farm or orchard is for the production of food stuff.
- A botanical garden is a type of garden where plants are grown both for scientific purposes and for the enjoyment and education of visitors.
- A zoological garden, or zoo for short, is a place where wild animals are cared for and exhibited to the public.
See also
References
Classical
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